Plenum-rated copper cables, commonly marked CL3P or FPLP, are intended for air-handling spaces, while riser-rated cables, marked CL3R or FPLR, are intended for vertical runs between floors. Install plenum-rated cable in plenum spaces and riser-rated cable in building riser pathways, following local codes and the site’s fire-safety requirements.

Conductor size, shown in American Wire Gauge (AWG), affects current-carrying capacity, voltage drop, and flexibility, so larger conductors can suit longer runs or higher-load circuits when the system requirements call for them. Conductor count should match the number of signals or devices the cable must serve, while solid conductors can support structured, fixed wiring and stranded conductors can make routing and termination easier in security, alarm, audio, and control installations.

Shielded copper cables include a conductive layer that helps reduce electromagnetic or radio-frequency interference, while unshielded copper cables use simpler construction and are typically easier to install. Choose shielded cable for runs near motors, power wiring, or other sources of interference, and use unshielded cable for many security, alarm, voice, and data installations where interference is limited.

When selecting copper cables, compare the required jacket rating, such as general-purpose, riser, plenum, or fire alarm ratings, along with sunlight resistance, conductor gauge, and the number of conductors for the installation. Length markings can help track remaining cable, while express boxes, speed coils, and wooden reels offer different handling options for pulling, dispensing, and storing cable on the job.