Layer 2 power switching devices forward Ethernet traffic within the same local network using MAC addresses and can use VLANs to separate devices, while Layer 3 switches add routing between VLANs or subnets. For network design, Layer 2 models suit simpler PoE deployments, and Layer 3 models support larger or more segmented systems that need local traffic routing, multicast management, and more control over how traffic moves.

Compare port count with the number of wired endpoints, PoE devices, and uplinks the installation needs, while allowing room for future expansion. Match the PoE type, such as PoE+, or PoE++, to the requirements of connected devices, and verify that the switch’s total power budget can support the combined load across active PoE ports.

Choose standard Ethernet for typical PoE endpoints and general network connections, multi-gigabit uplinks for higher-bandwidth applications such as AV over IP, Wi-Fi, or large media transfers, and fiber uplinks when you need longer cable runs, inter-rack connections, or added resistance to electrical interference. Confirm that the switch ports, transceivers, cabling, and connected devices support the selected speed and media type, and consider available PoE capacity when connecting powered devices.

Evaluate the required port count, Power over Ethernet (PoE) type and budget, network speed, uplink options, rack or desktop form factor, available power, and cooling needs for the installation environment. For residential, commercial, or pro AV systems, also consider whether Layer 2 or Layer 3 management, VLAN and multicast support, remote monitoring, and audio-over-IP or video-over-IP compatibility fit the project requirements.